Synchronizing system



C. G. SPENCER.

SYNCHRUNIZING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.4.I918.

Char/2s C. Spa/460*.

hill

PATENT (llhlflhh CHARLES Gr. SFEKGEB, F EAST ()RANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 WESTERN ELECTRIC CUIlIEA'N'E'. IENGQBPORATED, G1? NEW'- N. Y., A GQEPDRATION 6F NEW YORK.

SYNGHRGNIZING SYSTEM.

: 7 idlil tltlii.

Specification of letters Patent.

l?a-tented ltllar. Q, 11.9920.

'1' 0 (1251 whom, it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLns G. SPENCER, citizen of the United States, residing at )range, in the con '7 of Essex, State New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Synchronizing tems, Of which. the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description.

This invention relates to synchronizing systems, and more particularly to systems for controlling the speed relation oil: a plurality o'l' remotely situated rotary systems.

The principal object of this invention 1s to pri'zvide an iu'iproved organization of apparatus and system for automatically estal'ilishing a synchronous relation between the moving parts of a plurality of rotat ve systems, and for maintaining a condltion oi? synchronism between such rotative systems.

The present invention may be readily applied to governing the operations of synchronizing various types or rotatory systems, among which may be mentionedzsystems of synchronmis multiplex telegraphy, switching systems for the control of remote signals, similar to the system described in llnited States patent application, Serial No. 4:53.213, filed August 31, 1915,.and issued as Patent l lo. 1,251,363, Dec. 25, 1917, by l. .ieroi't (i herardi, and for the synchronizing; of electric generators, electric motors, etc.

Although this system is applicable to nuiny different varieties of service, for conveniencc of description, the embodiment chosen for illustrating the features of this invention has been planned on the basis of an. a fangement suitable for rendering automatic synchronizing service in connection with a system of synchronous multiplex telegraphy.

in connection with the usual transmit ting, receiving, and multiplex distributer' one with another will be attained. The automatic phase-finding equipment of this inyention is further adapted to be affected by incipient variations from an exact condition of synchronism to immediately respond and correct such variations before the service for which the distributors are employed would be disturbed, and, in case any unavoidable or direct cause should destroy the phase or synchronous relation of the various distributers, the electroresnonsive devices of this system will immediately respond and reestablish the desired synchronous condition.

This invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawin s, in which only so much of a multiplex te egraphic equipment has been shown as will. be necessary to a clear understanding of the system.

In the drawing, Figure l, is shown an equipment suitable for rendering service at a so-called non-correcting station on a duplexed line circuit, while in the drawin Fig. 2, is shown an equipment suitable for service at a correcting station on the same duplexed line.

In describing this system, the equipment shown in Fig. l of the drawing may be considered as located at a station indicated by the reference character A, which is joined by means of a line conductor L with the equipment shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing which designated as located at a station B At the station A, a distributor equipment comprises, as indicated, a receiving, a sending;- and a local section, and it will be understood that contactors or brushes 21, 24 and 27, respectively, of these distributer sections are adapted to be moved from right to left by means oi? a motor P. While these distributor sections should preferably be of a rotary type, they have, for convenience, been shown. in a developed form in the drawing.

The motor P may be of the well-known La Cour or phonic-wheel type. The operating circuits of the motor P are under the control of a tuning fork 30, controlled by current from a grounded battery 31 by way of interrupter contacts 32, the winding of an elec romagnet 33 and an adjustable resistance 3a to earth. Changes of action set up by the magnet 33 as controlled by vibration of the contact 32 cause the fork to be continuously vibrated as well understood in the art. Under such vibrations, on the instant the contacts 35 are closed, a

circuit may be traced from the battery 31 through these contacts and the winding 36 ot the motor P and an adjustable resistance 39 to earth, and at the instant the contacts 37 are closed, current from the battery 31 will traverse a second winding 38 of the motor P and the resistance 39 to earth.

As well understood in the art, such alternate energization of the driving magnet windings 36 and 38 will cause the motor P to be rotated in phase with or at a speed which will be proportional to the frequency of the vibrations of the fork 30. The resistance 39 permits of adjustments to properly proportion the driving currents of the motor, while the resistance 34 perniits similar adjustments to be made with re spect to the operating currents of the fork controlling magnet 33. The respectively associated condensers and serially connected resistance units bridged on the vibrating contacts 32 and on the motor controlling contacts and 37, serve to eliminate sparking' efiects at these contacts.

At the station B, the controlling circuits or the motor :5 difier from the circuits of the motor at the station A only in that the adjustable resistance 34 may be entirely shunted out, either tl'irough the contacts of a correcting relay 130 or by means of mamr ally operated switch 139. At the station B, in addition to the receiving, sending and local distributer sections, similar tocorresponding sections at A, there is provided an additional section which serves for correcting service. This correcting section forms a link in the control circuits whereby the relay 130 may be caused to close its contacts to establish a short circuit by way of the conductors 133 and 135 around the adjust able resistance 34, whereby increase of current strength through the magnet 33 will so t up an increased amplitude in the vibrations of the fork 30 or otherwise mechanically ali'ect the vibrating rate of this fork to vary the speed at which the motor P will be driven.

In the present arrangement segments 10 and 11 of the sending and receiving sections of the distributer at each station are em ployed for phasefinding or synchroniaine operations while the remainder of the seuments in these sections may be employed for either telegraphic or switching operations in connection with the control of signals as already mentioned. Accordingly, the de vices T may either be considered as tele graph transmitting contacts or suitably controlled switching contacts, while the devices R may be considered as arranged in a manner suitable for the translation of telegraphic message impulses or for the control of switching circuits.

For purpose of description, let it now be assumed that the motor P at station A is operating at a relatively constant d driving the moving parts oi the di iiihuter at that station, while the motor 1 at the station E operating the recciV parts of asiociatcd ('li ributer equipment in phase or synchronizes. with the distrilnitcr at the fill station During such operation, changes of current polarity, set up by the devices T at the station A, will all'cct the service segments, for example, the segnu-uts T or 1'? of the sending section. 'llhcrei'orc, as the brush in its regular travel successively sweeps over the service segments, connections are completed therefrom to a collector ring 25, thence by way of a con ductor 26, normal contactsoi a switching relay 50, the blade of a switch 56. a couductor 5?,the blade of a switch 58 to the outgoing connective point oi the duplex equipn'ient provided tor the line L. From this point the transmitted. currents di ride cqua ll one portion traversing the .le l t-ha no wi ruling of a polarized line relay (i0, and a artiii ial line AL to earth, while the other portion traverses the right-hand winding of this rclay and the line L to the station it, at which point it continues through the duplex circuits which comp: a line relay 100, a transmitting lead 57 and the circuits oi an artificial line AL. llndcr changes oi pi. larity for these transmitted currents. corresponding unbalance of the current conditions in the duplex circuits, as well understood in the rt, cause the armature of the relay 100 to he reciprocated to correspomh ingly engage its contact stein 10L and 1053 and thereby respectively complete circuits from a source oi current 12 1. One of these circuits may be traced through the lcilhand winding of a polarized leak relay 12 and a similar winding of a polarinid sisrual relay 110 to earth at the armature ot the relay 100, while the other circuit may cxtend through the right-hand windin oi the relays 120 and 110 to the same earth connection at the armature oi the relay 100. depending on whether the arniat oi the relay 100 closes its contacts 101 or its contacts 102. In this manner, the position of the armature of each relay 100, 110 and 1:20 will always cori spend as to the position of their bias, one fh :umther, and such bias will, of course, -orrespond with the polarity of the impulse received from the sendingequipment at the station A by way 1 may 100 ucc l and of the line conductor L. ingly controls the opera ion of the re 110 and 120. In turn the relay 110 in estal lishinp; its contacts 111 connects a source oi was ground to this collector ring. In its regular travel, the brush 21 establishes circuit from the ring 22 to the associated segments whereby the receiving equipment B may be controlled. The purpose oi the connections from the receiving; segments 10 and 11 will appear presently.

Relay 120 acting through the correcting section of the distributer controls the operation ot the correcting relay 130' In tracing this control, it is necess to consider that the relay 120 is operated by the relay 100 and that conductors 103 and 104:, which are connected in derived circuit relation from, the opposite contact-stops of the relay 100, extend in reverse order to the contact-stops oil the relay 120. Although the conductor 103 extends directly to the righthand stop of the relay 120, the conductor 10% first passes through normal contacts 97 of a relay 90 and a conductor 105 to the left-hand contact stop of the leak relay 120. With this relation in mind and the relays positioned as shown, let it now be assumed that, in response to an impulse of positive current from the line L, the arntiature oi? the line relay 1.00 will be moved to close its contacts 102, thereby establishing series circuit from the battery 124 through the right-hand windings of relays 120 110, thereby moving the armatures or these relays to close their contacts 122 and 112, respectively. At the instant the contacts 102 of the relay 100 were closed and before the current had built up sulliciently through the circuits traced to operate the relays 120 and 110, a circuit is momentarily established which may be traced from. a battery 134;, the right-hand *inding; of the correcting relay 130 a con ductor 138 and assuming that the brush 125 of the correcting;- section is at this instant over a segment 11%. ot' the correcting; section oi the distributor, this circuit will be extended to a collector ring 126,. thence by way eta conductor 123, the contacts 121 oi the relay 120, the conductor 105, the contacts 97 0.1 the relay conductor 104;. and the contacts 102 oi. the relay 100 to earth. Now, since the distributers at both stations are assumed to be operating" in synchronism, this impulse of current will cause the armature of the relay 130 to continue on its idle or right-hand contact stop and therefore no change takes place at the speed varying cir cuits oi": the controlling fork 30.

Following this flash oi. current the armature of the relay 120 will of courseiininediately be moved to onstage its contact stops 122, as already described. it now an im pulse of negative current is received "from the line L, the armature of the relay 100 will. be moved to close its contacts 101, thereby permittinga flash of current from the battery 134-, also to traverse the circuits already traced except that the brush 125 will have contacts 101 of relay 100 to earth.

passed over the split or one-hall length segments 1A and 1B arrived at the segment 2A which however, connected common to the bus conductor 138 which is also connect ed to the segment 1A. This impulse of cur rent accordingly traverses the brush 125, col lector ring 126, conductor 123, contacts of the leak relay 120, conductor 103 and the As in the case or the first impulse, this current impulse through the relay 130 of short duration and i i be terminated by the operation of the relay 120 to separate its contacts 122 and engage its contacts 121 in preparation for a next impulse from the line in case an impulse oi one polarity successively repeated from the line L, no action would, of course take place at the relay 100, nor at either one of the relays 110, 120 or 130 as all of these relays would continue on the bias set up by the first impulse of such a. series.

It will be noted that asegment A and a segment B oi the correcting section of the distributer jointly occupy the same interval or space as that of one segment at either the sending or the local distributor sections. It may be mentioned that the segments at the receiving); section are substantially equal. to one-half the length of the segments of the send .1; section. The purpose of this is principally to provide that slight irregula "ities or incipient variations in the phase ttion of the distributors at remote stations may take place without causing operation of the phase finding equipments. This will be clear from the fact that when the distributers are in perfect phase or exact synchronisin one with another only the central or undistorted part of the si nailing impulses shall. be eil'ective in controllii the operation of the receiving apparatus. It will also be noted that alternate ones of the twenty A segments at the correcting; section are connected to the conductor 138 which leads to the right-hand winding" of the relay 130, the first ten of the A segments 1. to 10 being}; connected directly to this conductor. while normally the last ten segments, 11 to 20, are connected by way'ot the normal contacts ot the relay 90 with the conductor 138. The B segments 1 to 10 are connected by way of the normal contacts 91 of the relay 90 with the conductor 13? which connected through the left-hand winding of the correcting; relay 130.. while the B segments 11 to 20 are connected directly with the conductor 137. It will therefore be clear that normally all or. the A segments are joined through the right-hand winding of the cor recting relay 130., while the B segments are connected through the left-hand winding of this relay. From the circuits already traced. it will be clear that so long: as the distributor at the first station is in phase or synchronism with the distributer the sec- 0nd station, only the segments A will be effective in completing the momentary circuits through theright-hand winding of the relay 130, coincident with the reception of impulses from the line L, and further, that during the time the brush 125 may be traversing any one of the B segments no circuit will be established therefrom, due to the fact that before the brush 125 has reached a, B segment, the relays 110 and 120 will he -e operated and opened the temporary flash circuit above described.

Let it now be ZlSSllll'lGCl that the distributor at the station E has gained sui'llciently to overlap the next advances segment on the distributor at the station it, and that an impulse oii' positive current is received from the line L. The armature oi? the relay 100 vill thereupon close its contacts 102, whereupon a circuit is momentarily established. from the battery 13 i, left-hand winding of t is relay 130, conductor 137" contacts 91. of the relay and, assuming that brush 1:25

is over the segment 13 of the correcting section at this instant this circuit will continue over the collector ring 126, conductor 12, contacts 1 1 of the relay 120, conductor 105, contacts 97 of the relay 90, conductor 10%;, contacts 102 to earth at the armature of the relay 100. At the relay 130, the armature will be moved o close its contact 132, thereby establishing the short circuit already traced around the adjustable unit 3%. This increases the current in the magnet 3 thcrcby causing the tuning torl: 30 to slow down and therefore to reduce the speed of the disributer driving motor P.

It will be understood that the impulses just traced for operating the relay 130 terminate, current from the battery 124, through the righthand winding of each one of the relays 120 and 110 will cause their armatures to be respectively biased to the right-hand or positive posiat the ins ant tions. During such time the distributors may remain out of phase, one or the other of successive inverse impulses received from the line L, will either initiate continue to establish corresponding flashes of current through successive ones of the B segments, as the brush 3 continues through its path on the correcting section.

It may be pointed out that a source of positively poled current and a source oi.

\iU negatively poled current 65 are connected to the sendino' sec merits 10 and 11. res3ec.

tively, at the station A. Thereform in case no signaling reversals of polarity happen to be sent out by the transmitting equipments T at the latter station, the brush 2i on successively passing over its egments 10, and 11 Will cause the line relay at the station E to operate and, in case the two distributors are still out of synchronism, thereby permit relay 130 to operate and slow down i o i the two stations impulses me ll will reestablish momentary flashes of current through the right-hand winding elf the relay 130 by way of the segments A oi? the correcting distributor section to move the armature oi. this relay to sepailtribu c s rate its contacts 1 3; and thcrelp: re-iucludc the adjustable re lstancc ill in series with the magnet 33. The motor l will thereupon run under the circuit condition shown in lhc drawing except that the c ntacts I -l2 of the relay 130 will stand se 'nu'atcd.

in describing the operations whereby mes- .agcs or signals may no transmitted tromthe .tion I} to the station It, circuits may be tracer from the transmitter equipment 'l to segments of the sending distrilmtcr section, as the segments 7 and 17 already mentioned. Therefore, as the brush 2% in. its regular travel passes vcr these segments current polarities in accordance with polarities prc pared by the equipment T will lrarcrsc this brush, a collector ring 25, contacts 51 o i a relay 50, conductor 5?. the lade ot a switch 58 to the split or outgoing conucctive point of the duplex iu uipmcnl: formed by the line relay 1.00 and the artificial liuc 11L. These currents divide through the relay 100 in the same maniicr as that alreadydcscribed for outgoing; currents through the line relay G0 at the distant station. The line portion of these currents traverses the line L to the station A, thereby disturbing the duplex balance to cause the line relay 60 to bias in accordance with the polarities of the currents, already descri ed. in connection with the station 8. The armature 61 of this relay will accordingly be reciprocatcd in phase with the polarity of the impulses rcccived from tho distant staiiou to either include a source of negatively poled battery Glor ,round c nncction by way of conductor 23 with a collector ring- E22 oil the receiving' section. of the distributor. From this ring the brush 21 successively connects those impulses with segments corresponding with the segments 7 and 17 connectcd to receiving devices R which may serve for telegraphic or other Slflfllullllfl' service as mentioned. In connection with the synchroniZing operations, it will be noted that at a moment the brush ill at station B may be over the sending scgruuuit 10. the brush will be over the corrcspouding receiving segment 10 at the station A... Posi (38 may now be ill) l it] blade of a switch 69 also to ground. In the opposite direction it may also be pointed out that whenever the sending brush at the station A is over its seguut I is 10, the re ceiving brush 21 at the station 15 Will also be over its corresponding segment 10; therefore, positive current from the battery 66 eiihcts leasing of the line relay 100 at the station A to cause the relay 110 to close its contacts 112 but the ground connection thereby established With the collector ring will be non-eiiective since a path which may be traced from the receiving segment 10 over a conductor 2'9, contacts 75 of a relay 7e and the Winding 71 of this relay also connects to earth. Therefore, no action takes place under this impulse and the relay Z0 also continues in the position in Which it is shown. When the sending brush 2% at A. arrives over the next segment ll, current from the negatively poled battery 65 will traverse t ac line circuits already traced, thereby causing the armatures of the relays 100 and 110 to assume their opposite or negative bias. Fol-this position of the re lays a circuit may be traced from the battery 114 by Way of the contacts 111. of the 110:, conductor 52,8, collector ring 22, the receiving brush 21 Which at this moment will be over segment 11, a conductor 89, contacts 85 of a relay 80 and the Winding; 81 of this relay to a negatively poled and grounded battery 8%. Since the battery 8st and the battery 114i may be of equal potenti or one and the some battery no action will result nd. the clay lit) Will therefore continue in the pos ion in which it is shown,

Let it now be assumed that due perhaps to a direct cause such as a short interruption 0; the line or other circuits, as Will be understood by those skilled in the art the di tributer equipment at the station E has ni so utly on the distributor at the Nation A to allow the brushes to be on their respective segments 10 at the station A. whil the brushes will be on their respective c .zi'tllllS '1 l. at the station E. rein the oi? tl is relay and the blade ot the switch (39 to ear The it) thereby Operated, establishes its contacts 46 to complete a selfloclzingg circuit which may be traced from a neg .tively poled battery 44 through the winding in series -with'the Winding ll of the relay 40 to the earth connection at switch segment 10, c onductor 4C9 39. Separation of the contacts 45 of this relay, Which are timed to act following the ole-mg of the contacts disconnects the segment 10 from the windin ll and conover the contacts 47 through the W of tl s relay to the battery 4% A icuit (lloliilbli hed by contacts of the r my be traced from battery 54:, the winding; of the relay 50 and the contacts i8 of the re ay ell to earth. in operating relay 5O its contacts 51 to disconnect the sending ring 25 from the outgoing lead and through the closing of its contacts 52 to establish a ring :28 of the local distributor section with the conductor 57 whereby outgoing signals are included With the line L. 'Closing or the contacts oi the relay 50,, completes a circuit through an associated battery and a signal which may be either of a Visual or an audible type. Coincident with the transmission of the negative impulse from the station B whereby the relay e0 was operatech as just describech the advanced phase of the distributer at B permits a circuit to also be established from a source'ot positively poled current 66 at A by Way of the segment 10, the brush 24-, sending}; 25, thence out wardly over the line circuit L to he distant station over paths already traced. At the station E, this positive impulse will bias the line relay 100 to close its contacts 102 and in turn the armature of the relay 110 to close its contacts 112. A circuit may thereupon be traced from ground at the contacts 112 to the collector ring; 22, thence over the receiving brush 21, segment 11, the conductor 89, the contacts 85 oi the relay and the winding 81 of this relay to earth through he battery 84:. The relay 80 is typical of the relay 40 at the station A, and establishes a self-locking circuit which includes the windings 81 and 82 in series with its contacts 80 and the negatively poled battery 84:, while "the conductor 89 Which extends to the receiving segment ll, switched from the Winding 81 to connect over the contacts 8? and the Winding of this relay to earth. Further circuits completed by the operation of the relay 80 in ay be traced from a battery the Winding; oi? the relay 90, the contr-ic 1s 88 ot the relay 80 to earth and from a battery through. the Winding of the re lay 50 also through he contacts 88 of the relay 80 to earth. The contacts 53 of the relay 50 cause a signal 55 to be operated, while the outcoing connective lead 57 of the line L is switca by the separation of contacts 51 ot the relay 50 from the sending ring to connect over the contacts 52 ot' the latter relay to the local ring; 28. Go oration of the relay 9O separated its contacts to disconne t the first or A series of correcting segments 1.1 to 20 from the coin ductor 138 and to connect them over the tact stop ofithe relay Way of contacts of the relay 90 with the conductor 138. Sepaation of the contacts 97 of the relay 90 opens the circuit between the conductors 103 and 105, thereby disconnecting the path normally established from ,theright-hand contact stop of the line relay to the left-hand contact stop of the leak relay 120.

During the time the circuits are in the position in which they have been described, as the local brush 27 at the station A traverses its segments 11 to :20, current from the negative battery 63 Will be transmitted Out- Wardly over the linelcircuit L, and since all of the A and B segmentsll to 20 of the correcting section at the second station are joined one With another, as described, and with the conductor 137, it will be clear that the first negative impulse from the line, in moving the armature of the relay 100 and in turn the armatures of the relays and Will have permitteo a flash of current from the source 134 to pass through the letthand Winding of the correcting relay 7130 by Way of the br sh of the correcting section over the circuits already traced to earth at the armature ofthe line relay 100, thereby causingthe relay to close its contacts 182, whereby theshort circuit already described will be; completed around the adjustable resistanceBl, whereupon the fork -30 will the influenced to retard the speed'ot the driving motor P. After pass ingaifrom the oined local segments-'11 to 20 andarrivingover the joined segments 1 to 10, the' localhrush 27 at station A will connectapositive battery 62 with the outgoing circuits, and with the-line L,thereby etliectingi opposite bias of the relay 100, and in turn a corresponding bias of the relays 110 and. 120. Such consecutiveipositive impulses from the line: will, however, be ineffective atthepresent time through the correcting};

relay 130, due to the fa-c that thcseparated positionofthe contacts QT ot' the relay 90 have alreadysevercd the connection otherwise present between the right-hand con- 100' and the left-hand contactstopiofthe relay 120.

lterilh'therefore, be clear hat so long the re'lays40 and 550 at station A and the relays 80, 90 and at station E continue operated, the correcting relay 130 Wlll continueto complete a short circuit whereby the speed of the motor P will the afiected to restoresynchronismw It-may be pointed out that the'relay 70 at the station B, is adapted to control the relays 50 and 90 in substantially the same manner in which they are controlled by the relay 80. The operating circuit for the relay? 0" extends from the receiving seoincnt 10 over the conductor 79, contacts To of the relay 70 and the Winding 71 of this relay to earth, while the holding or locking circuit for this relay may be traced from a battery 7i through a \riiuling- 72 over the contacts 76 of this relay and its winding 71 to earth. In its operated. position the relay 70 therefore establishes its self-locking circuit, separates its contacts 75 to disconnect the lead 79 from the Winding 71, and to connect this lead over the con tacts '77 through the winding 73 to earth through the battery T l, while the contacts 78 of this relay complete the circuits to retain or operate the relays 50 and 90.

It may he mentioned that the principal reason for cn'iployino' two relays, as tho rclays '70 and S0. is that tor a ilOii--:5 \ll(li] lnized condition of the distrihuters at the two stations. either one or the other of these relays would first be operated, depending on the direction in which the dietrihutm's may be out of phase. It also Works out that, in bringing the distributors into s \'nclirouisiu, certain conditions of signaling .iinpuls may, or, the regular synclu'onizing impulses will, cause the relays T0 and 80 to be worked alternately, but in any event during i1ou synchronism of the remote distributors, one or the other of these rt operated, thereby cstah, circuit changes to control the s operations as dcscr v, .ror the station ll -p- 1xn )6 ,1 1i 1 is ir m culling periods he one or t a, this stati u may be in the zone co\ v segme; ts 1 to 3 inclusive or iii to 5:0 iuciusire. A source of negati ely poled current 98, common to each of th se segments will accordingly be included th the outgoing lead of the line L to rot 1 the urnuxlurc of the relay co biased to connect the ucujzu tivcly poled battery 3 2i with the z'cccifiill ring and since this battery is of equal potential and lihe polarity with liHplLiJ to the battery a l at the relay {i no circuit may be completed though this relay at such times as the receiving brush all at station A may arrive over the associated :'=c; ;u-eut 10. It will be not; hou'cxcr, that a source of positively poled current t? is co: to the local s i cut 10 a, the sin? Therefore, at such moment as ihc 5 "."il"lH'\)- nizingt; operations m y havc ij)")ll fl'!i the dis tributers of the tv-io t phase, the local brush 3? will be oz'cr in seiruicul' 10 at the instant that the i .cciv ug brush ".il. at the station is over its corrcspoiuliup segment 10. A positive impulse 'l'rom the station l will thereupon cause the armature 61 of the relay 60 at st: in A, to esia lish its ground ceuir ion, ulici'cupou u circuit nni lac traced .luor-i the battery ll, lie windiusi' i i of the relay l0. contacts l brush 21, ring 9 conductor 23 to the ground lOU lli

at the contacts of the relay 60, The connective relation of the Winclin 's at the re lay 4-0 are such that the cart. J just tracerl through the winding 4.3 will act cliflerentially with respect to the ho ng current present in the Winclinn's ll and in a inanher to eqiralize the el 'ects and e ie this relay to restore. This operation rlisconiiecs the relay whereby the out 'oing learl the line L will he switched from the ring 28 oi? the lo "al section to the ringthe sen 'ig section or the clistrihuter, and the signal will also be disconnected. Following the restorii of the relay and When the brushes at each station l rived over the resoe sending brush. at statirn will connect the negative battery 1 i lead of the line lit this current impulse will ea 3 lay to close its con acts 101 and in tLrn close the contacts 111 o'.

ground, through the wind 00 oi th relay 80, contact 87 of this cor 89 segment 11, receiving brush F21 ring conductor #3, to the battery 11%; at tile coin tacts 111 of the relay te tlifl erc M set up current iii. the Winding 83 with spect to the windings 81 and 82 oi? the relay 80 in a manner similar to that already describe cl. in. connection with the relay 4-0. The restoring of the relay 80 t iereupon (lik connects the relay 50 whereh' the iiig lead of th line L will he switched ir the ring); 28 oi the local section to the ring 525 of the sending section of the distrihuter. The relay 50 also disconnects the i *"f The releasing of the relay 90 ree all of the A segments of the orrecting ion "with the lead. 138 of the correcting relay 130 and all of the B s nests With the conductor 13? or the corre relay, and also cl ses the contacts 97. 1*

vas present over its see cordingly the arrival oi? pulse from the segment i sending; distributor at the station. A Will have perinittee a flash of c1" t from tho-hatter} 184lover the rieht-ha. v r wintlirig; oil t e correcting relay the segment i, the brush 125, th t ts alreaC traced ti. 1"; of the re lay (on. at the is stant the negative it; arrived the station it) and the contacts 101 i e i lay 100 to e t ma b neroti t in case the n rioras SllCCzSSlVO o restoring SLlOHltl not occur W1 rapidity to permit the iia-u:

correcting); current the place through the relay c as just traced, at the moment the brush 1: was over the correcting segment lift, a

flash of current Weu e nevertheless occur through the relay 130 at the instant the correc-ting brush sweeps over a, next segment eoinizion to the 11A. coincident with the reception 0'? a positve impulse from the station A. This may" occur I ertion o A ulse Wlll 1c instant the lulu inittecl at rhstrihuter section reaches the is segment 10.

ii rein the foregoing sc -i1) it will he y at the obvious that the ne senoli section station to opei the phasein in chse the synchronisin an connected with section or the c inent 10 of the s will establish th t it such time h may bring the (list men. in a corre; )6 terms 66 and 65 A, may the phasestation E, in

the rist ihuters of phase or that current :i-ein the hatter-v release, whiie a 66 may e r se the relay 7O current from he h may cause the relay 80 to re ease. all in the operations whereby ftllhOTiittlC phase-finding carried out.

a y be further pointer. out that during; the time the equipmei t at the st ition A. is switched from the regular se section. to the local section 0? ihuter ii; the operations of phase the brush is over segments 1 to 10, the positiv y a Will the ten inclutlecl th ewith. receiving- (lerices at e i P operate the relm 1 0 or relay 8O cl 'cohverseh segments ii to 520 tr e regatwely pol cl at e e3 eratiovs at the stalie foregoing (lQSCF'lptlOIl it will he obvious that order estabhsh synchronous D'EUltl'filQK service between the stations 5. and B, it would only be necessary for attendants at these stations to close circuits for operating the (llSiJflbUtil 2; meters l iollO'WlP which c phaser ing filer? es Wouhi isochroi us relation anal then ichronous relation beeen the tlislrihutersq and te the case the ere .ihuters-sheultl get out of synchronisir, ,n with the othe the phase-finding equipment would immediately become operative to reestablish the desire: synchronous condition.

At the station A, the manual switch 56 may be employed if desired in substitution of the automatic phase-finding equipment thereat, in transferring from the sending to the local distributer sections for synchronizing operations. It may also be pointed out that the switch 58 and an associated resistance unit 59 at each station are provided for use in connection with the operations c" tablishing adjustments of the artificial li device in order to secure balance of the duplex equipments, the resistance 59 serving as a substitute or compensating resistance to represent the resistance of the transmitting batteries and other devices which may be included therewith.

What is claimed is:

1. In a system of synchronous telegraphy, a plurality of stations, distributer equipment at each station, means controlled through said distributers for establishing signaling operations between said stations, phase-find ing equipment, and means controlled by said distributor equipments for substituting operation of said phase-finding equipment for said si 'naling operations.

2 In a synchronizing system, a plurality of rotatory equipments, means associated with said rotatory equipments for establishing changes of current polarities between said equipments to effect signaling, phasefinding equipment rendered automatically operative by a non-synchronous condition between said rotatory equipments, and means controlled by said phase-finding equipment for establishing predetermined order of current polarities between said rota tory equipments in substitution of said polarities employed for signaling.

The method of automatically establishinp; synchronism between a plurality of rotatory systems which consists in providing 7 uipment under the control of said rotatory systems to establish and maintain a predetermined order of current polarities effective between said systems until they are in synchronism, one with another.

lihe method of automatically restoring synchronism between a plurality of rotary systems which consists in providing equipment responsive to a non-synchronous condition between said systems to establish a predetermined'order of current polarities between said systems which will continue until operations controlled thereby will have reestablished synchronism between said rotary systems. 7

In a synchronous telegraph system, a line circuit, a plurality of stations on said line, distributer equipment at each station, motor means for each distributer equipment,

means active with said distributer equipments for signaling between said stations, elcctroresponsive means rendered operative by a non *nchronous condition between said distributor equipmen: for establishing a predetermined order of current polarities in substitution oi. said signaling between said stations, and means controlled by said current polarities for aiiectinp; the speed oi the motor means of one of? said distributor equi pments.

6. in a system of synchronous telegraphy. a first and a second station, distrilnitcr equipment at each station, sources of cur rent, a plurality of relays at each station, means controlled by said distributors for rendering said relays responsive to a nonsynchronous condition between said distributer equipments, a line circuit joining said stations. line relays at each station, a correcting relay at said second. station, a plu rality of circuits operated by said lino relay for controlling; said correcting relay, and means controlled by said plurality oi relays at said second station for disabling; certain of the control circuits of said correctingrelay.

" In synchronizing system, a first and a 4. second distributing equipment, a line joining said equipments, alirst relay connected from said first distributer, two relays connected with said second distributer, means controlled by a non-synchronized condition of said distributors to operate said first relay and to continue operated one or the other of the two relays at the second distributer, and means controlled by said relays i'or restoring synchronisin between said. distributors.

8. In a synchronizing system, a first and a second rotatory equipment. means for electrically joining; said equipments. a source oi? current, switching means controlled by each of said equipments, a plurality of compound wound relays controlled by said switching means, means responsive to non-synchronism between said equipments to maintain one of said relays operated at each equipment. and means controlled by said relays to establish predetermined current polarities between said systems, and means responsive to said current polarities to synchronize said rotatory equipments one with another.

9. In a system of synchronous telegraphy. a first and a second station, a line circuit joining said stations, distributor equipment at each station, sources of current, a line relay at each station, a correcting section at the distributor at the second station, a correcting relay, a plurality of operating circuits for said correcting relay jointly controlled by the line relay and said correcting section. and means controlled by a nou-synchronized condition between the distributors of said stations for partially disabling the operating circuits of said correcting relay.

10. In a system of synchronous telegraphy, a first and a second station, a line circuit joining said stations, distributer equipments at said stations, source of current, means controlled through the said distributers for signaling between said stations, a compound Wound relay connected with the distributer at the first station, two compound wound relays connected with the distributer at the second station, means efiective under a non-synchronized condition of said distributers to operate the compound wound relay at the first station and to cause one or the other of the compound wound relays to be operated at the second station, means controlled by said compound wound relays for establishing predetermined orders of current polarities between said stations, means responsive to said polarities for establishing synchronism between said distributers, and means controlled by a synchronized condition of said distributers to restore said compound wound relays.

11. In a system of synchronous telegraphy, a plurality of stations, distributerequipment at each station, means for operating said distributers in synchronism, means controlled through said distributers for signaling between said stations, a p1urality of relays, means controlled by a nonsynchronized condition between said stations to establish predetermined current polarities in substitution of signaling between said stations, signals controlled by said relays ior indicating a non-synchronous condition, and means controlled by said predetermined polarities for establishing said distributors in synchronism one with another.

12. In a system of synchronous telegraphy, a first and a second distributer equipment, means controlled through said distributer equipments for telegraphing therebetween, correcting equipment comprising a plurality of circuits for regulating the operation of one of said distributer equipments, a plurality of relays, means controlled by a non-synchronous condition of said distributer equipments for operating said relays, and means controlled by said relays for varying the circuit connections of said correcting equipment.

In witness whereof I hereunto subscribe my name this 28th day of: December, A. D.

CHARLES Gr. SPENCER. 

